Live load packing system

ABSTRACT

An improved live load packing system (34) for sealing an operating valve member (16) in a fluid valve (10). A packing follower (36) includes a base (38) and a guide sleeve (40) adapted for slidable engagement on the operating valve member (16). A series of Belleville disk springs (46) slidably engage the guide sleeve (40) and maintain concentric mounting during loading of V-type TFE packing members (22) to ensure uniform concentric spring loading and to prevent undesired side loading. &lt;IMAGE&gt;

This invention relates to valve structures used in controlling the flowof fluids, and in particular to an improved live load packing systemparticularly useful where the fluid is toxic or lethal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is desired to prevent or to reduce as much as possible leakage offluid through a valve inserted in the fluid pipeline system. This isparticularly desired where the service fluid is either toxic or lethaland in many other applications where it is desired to increase the timeperiods between maintenance shutdowns to correct any leakage problemsoccurring in the system.

Fluid valves presently in use for instance use one or more packing ringsaxially mounted around the fluid valve stem and in frictional engagementtherewith. Positive loading means have been attempted to apply apositive load on the packing members to keep the valve stem centered inthe packing in an attempt to prevent the leakage of fluid along thevalve stem.

For instance, packing ring members formed of tetrafluorethylene (TFE)material are in common use. TFE has a temperature coefficient ofexpansion which is about 10 times that of metal. In a normal operationof a fluid valve and within its normal intended environment, the packingmaterial tends to expand and contract due to temperature cycling and dueto the valve movements. Coil springs are currently in use to apply apositive or live load to the packing material. In some packingconfigurations, Belleville spring washers are placed around each packingstud in an attempt to apply uniform concentric loading of theBellevilles onto the packing members, usually through a packingfollower. A uniform loading is difficult to achieve in thisconfiguration because it depends upon an equal tightening of the packingstuds around the valve stem.

Another attempt to apply a uniform load to the valve stem packing hasbeen to use a coil spring concentrically mounted around the valve stemto apply a load to the packing member. Typically, the inner diameter ofthe coil spring is purposely made larger than the valve stem diameter toprevent the coil spring from hanging up on the valve stem during itsoperation. However this spacial separation between the coil spring andthe valve stem can permit the spring to apply undesired side loading onthe packing members and thereby causing movement of the packing ringmembers away from the valve stem thereby leading to the leakage of fluidthrough the valve. Such leakage is of course highly undesired where theservice fluid is either toxic or lethal and therefore this leads tomaintenance shutdowns in order to remedy the problem. Undesired sideloading in such coil spring configurations also may be caused by theunevenness of the formed ends of the coil spring causing uneven loadingcontact with the packing.

Accordingly, it is desired to provide an improved live load packingsystem which can apply a uniform load to the valve stem packing andmaintain such a uniform packing load during valve stroking and thermalservice temperature cycling. It is also desired to provide a compactlive load packing system to reduce the physical valve size. It is alsodesired to provide a live load packing system in which there ispresented a visual indication when the packing member compression isoptimum. This assures that a uniform load to the valve stem packing hasbeen achieved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the principles of the present invention, there isprovided an improved live load packing system for fluid valves whichinclude packing members surrounding and sealing a valve stem and apacking follower is mounted on the valve stem in loading contact withthe packing members. A valve guide sleeve is slidably mounted on thevalve stem and includes an inner diameter in sliding contact with thevalve stem. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a Bellevillespring member is slidably mounted on the guide sleeve. The guide sleeveouter diameter is slightly smaller than the Belleville spring innerdiameter so that the Belleville may slidably operate on the guidesleeve. A packing flange is in contact with one end of the Bellevillesprings so that adjusting the packing nuts on the packing studscompresses the Belleville disk springs and thereby places a load on thepacking ring members.

The guide sleeve acts as a bushing on the valve stem to absorb any sideloads from the Belleville members. Therefore, the Bellevilles apply auniform spring load to the valve stem packing which keeps the valve stemcentered within the packing member and thereby prevents any fluidleakage. The present invention also enables dimensional changes in thepacking box and packing to occur during a thermal cycle while continuingto maintain a uniform concentric spring load on the valve stem packing.Increased packing member life and less maintenance of the valvecompliments is achieved through the use of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the packing followerincludes a unitary member having a follower base at one end adjacentpacking ring members, and an elongated follower guide sleeve at theother end. Belleville disk springs are slidably mounted on the followerguide sleeve until they contact the follower base and the assembly iscapped by a packing flange with an enlarged opening surrounding thevalve stem. It is preferred that the packing follower include a linerformed of TFE or of carbon filled TFE which is bonded to the packingfollower. The liner acts as a bushing on the valve stem to absorb anyside loads from the valve actuator or Belleville springs so as to keepthe stem centered and to prevent fluid leakage.

Adjusting the packing nuts on the packing studs around the valve stemmoves the packing flange against the Belleville springs to compress themand exert a loading force against the packing follower base which inturn loads the packing ring members in a live loaded packingconfiguration around the valve stem.

It is desired that the Belleville springs be loaded until they arecompressed about 85% of full compression to achieve optimal loading ofthe packing members. When the desired 85% compression amount is achievedfor optimum loading, the top of the follower guide sleeve will haveprotruded into the enlarged area of the packing flange surrounding thevalve stem such that the top of the guide sleeve is flush with the topof the packing flange. Therefore, there has been provided in accordancewith another aspect of this invention a visual indication to the valveoperator of a condition when optimum or proper spring pack compressionand therefore proper loading of the valve packing has been achieved.

Using the present invention, not only is proper loading attained but itis also assured that the valve stem will be in a tight seal conditionduring the service life of the valve. The reliable seal achieved withthe present invention is particularly useful in fluid valves used inconditions where fugitive fluid emissions are important because theservice fluid is either toxic or lethal. However, it is to be recognizedthat the present invention is also useful in conventional operatingconditions where increased time periods between maintenance shutdownsare desired.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features of this invention which are believed to be novel are setforth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention may bebest understood by reference to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals identify like elements in the several figures and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a packing follower in accordance withthe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fluid valve incorporating a live loadpacking system according to the present invention before loading of theBelleville disk springs; and

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the valve structure of FIG. 2 withthe disk springs being loaded to an 85% compression value.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated a fluid valve 10having a valve body with a valve bonnet 14 through which extends a valvestem 16. Packing nuts 18 are threadably mounted on packing studs 20 soas to adjust the loading on the packing within the bonnet and around thevalve stem.

Referring to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a preferred embodiment of adouble packing configuration. A packing 22 surrounds valve stem 16 andis formed of a series of rings of the type commonly referred to asV-type packing. As shown in FIG. 2, there is an upper and lower packingset. Each set contains four V-rings including a top female adapter ring22a; two identical middle rings 22b; and a bottom male adapter ring 22c.V-type packing 22 is formed of TFE (tetrafluorethylene--a syntheticresin polymer) and therefore packing 22 is known in the trade as a"V-type TFE packing". Packing suitably formed of other material, or ofother synthetic resin polymers, may be utilized.

Two anti-extrusion wiper rings 24 are located at each end of packing 22.Each wiper ring is formed of a composition material, preferably one ofhigh temperature organic and/or inorganic fibers with a nitrileelastomeric binder such that the hardness rating is about 90±5 Shore "B"Durometer. Preferably the material should contain no asbestos orcellulose fiber. Reference may be made for instance to theanti-extrusion wiper rings described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,241,assigned to the present assignee.

A lantern ring 26 is place around the valve stem and between the twopacking sets. As in the convention use of lantern rings and valves,lantern ring 26 further is adapted in packing bore 28 to enablecommunication from the valve exterior via access hole 30 and connectingchannels 32. This permits lubricating fluid to be inserted into thepacking bore and adjacent valve stem 16 and also to permit testing forany leakage around the valve stem or to vent such leakage to a safelocation. Reference may be made for instance to FIG. 3 in which there isclearly illustrated the communication of access hole 30 with packingbore 28 after proper loading of the valve packing system has occurred aswill be described in more particular hereinafter.

FIG. 2 illustrates the components of the valve 10 including a live loadpacking system 34 prior to tightening of packing nuts 18 on studs 20 toachieve the optimum live loading configuration which is illustrated inFIG. 3. The preferred embodiment of a live load packing system 34 asillustrated in the drawings include a packing follower 36 having afollower base 38 at one end, a follower guide sleeve 40 at the otherend, and a follower flange 42 therebetween. Follower 36 includes a liner44 formed of carbon filled TFE which may be bonded to the inside surfaceof the packing follower.

A series of Belleville disk springs 46 is slidably mounted on followerguide sleeve 40 with one end of the disk springs in contact with flange42 and the other end being maintained in position on guide sleeve 40 bymeans of an 0-ring 48. A packing flange 50 has suitable aperturesthrough which the packing studs may be passed. The inner diameter ofpacking flange 50 includes a contact section 52 and a central aperture54.

Packing flange contact portion 52 lies in contact with one end of theBelleville disk springs 46. Central aperture 54 has a diameter largerthan the outer diameter of follower guide sleeve 40 to permit one end ofthe guide sleeve to pass into the interior of packing flange 50 and beeasily viewed from the top of valve 10 as shown in FIG. 3. This aids inthe attaining of the desired optimum live loading of the valve packingfor the valve as will be described hereinafter.

After assembly of the valve components as shown in FIG. 2, the packingnuts 18 on studs 20 surrounding valve stem 16 are tightened so thatpacking flange 50 transmits the packing stud and nut load to theBelleville disk springs 46. The Belleville springs 46 in turn becomecompressed with continued tightening of the nuts 18 so as to maintain aload on packing rings 22 through packing follower 36. It has beendetermined that optimum loading of live load packing system 34 inaccordance with the present invention occurs when the Belleville springs46, starting from the uncompressed state shown in FIG. 2, are about 85%compressed as shown in the conditions of FIG. 3. The valve operator isassured of achieving the optimum loading by visually inspecting the topof valve 10 and continuing to adjust packing nuts 18 until the top edge56 of packing follower 36 is flush with the top surface 58 of packingflange 50.

Therefore in accordance with an important aspect of the presentinvention, a visual indication of proper spring pack compression isprovided. A packing box ring 60 is mounted below the second set ofpacking members 22 and at the end of packing bore 28.

Packing follower 36 with lining 44 along with follower guide sleeve 40act as a bushing on stem 16 so as to absorb any side loads from thevalve actuator or Belleville disk springs and thereby keep the valvestem 16 centered within packing members 22. Furthermore, since the innerdiameter of the Belleville disk springs is substantially the same as theouter diameter of guide sleeve 40 so that the Belleville springs slideon the guide sleeve outer surface, there is a direct linear pressureexerted against flange 42 of the packing follower so that the packingfollower maintains a linear movement and a linear packing load onpacking material 22. The packing material therefore is subjected to auniform concentric spring load thereby maintaining a uniform packingstress so as to effect a tight valve stem or shaft seal through pressurecycles and thermal cycles.

Rather than a packing follower having unitary base, flange and guidesleeve portions, a separate guide sleeve could be provided having theconfiguration of guide sleeve 40 but being separate from the packingfollower. In that situation, packing follower 36 would include a base 38and flange 42, and guide sleeve 40 would be formed of a separate memberbut with the same dimensions to accommodate slidable mounting ofBelleville sleeves 46 thereon. Also, other forms of a concentric springmember could be used. Alternatively, a coil spring with an inner ringcan be used instead of Belleville disk springs 36 with a suitably sizedguide sleeve on which the coil spring and inner ring may be mounted. Theinner ring diameter attached to the coil spring should closely match theouter diameter of the guide sleeve so that side loads from the coilspring can be absorbed by the guide sleeve and packing follower and thevalve stem can be maintained in a centered condition in accordance withthe principles of the present invention.

The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness ofunderstanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understoodtherefrom, as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. In a fluid valve having an elongated operatingvalve member, packing mounted around said elongated operating valvemember for sealing said operating valve member, and loading means forloading and urging said packing sealingly against said operating valvemember to inhibit fluid leakage around said operating valve member, theimprovement comprising:side load prevention means mounted between saidpacking and said loading means for enabling uniform concentric loadingof said loading means on said packing sealingly around and against saidelongated operating valve member and preventing side loading of saidloading means on said packing tending to move said packing away fromsaid elongated operating valve member; said side load prevention meansincluding sleeve means in slidable mounting contact with said elongatedoperating valve member including a guide sleeve and a non-metallic innerliner mounted within said guide sleeve for slidable engagement with saidelongated operating valve member to absorb any of said side loading;said loading means including spring means mounted on said guide sleevefor maintaining a uniform concentric spring load on said packing;adjustment means for adjusting the amount of loading on said packing byslidably adjusting the position of said guide sleeve and inner liner onsaid operating valve member, said adjustment means including, a packingflange surrounding said guide sleeve and inner liner and engageablycontacting said loading means, and a plurality of packing studs and nutsmounting said packing flange to said valve so that adjusting saidpacking nuts urges said packing flange against said loading means toadjust said packing loading and wherein said guide sleeve and innerliner are not exposed exteriorly beyond said packing flange; and visualindicating means for indicating the adjusted position of said guidesleeve and inner liner so that it may be noted when an optimum amount ofloading is reached during said packing load adjustment, said visualindicating means including a central opening in said packing flangesufficient to enable the position of said guide sleeve and inner linerto be viewed during said packing load adjustment and to enable one todetermine that said optimum amount of loading has been reached andmaintained when the top of said guide sleeve and inner liner is flushwith the top of said packing flange.
 2. The improvement of claim 1,wherein said non-metallic inner liner is formed of carbon filled TFE. 3.A live load packing assembly for sealing on operating valve member in afluid valve comprising:resilient packing members adapted for surroundingsaid operating valve member at one end thereof; a packing followeradapted for slidably mounting on said operating valve member adjacentsaid resilient packing member; loading means including spring meansadapted for mounting on said operating valve member adjacent saidpacking follower for exerting a uniform spring load on said resilientpacking members; a guide sleeve adapted for slidable mounting on saidoperating valve member concentrically within said spring means andadjacent said packing follower; said spring means including Bellevilledisk springs having an inner opening portion in slidable contact withsaid guide sleeve to maintain concentric positioning of said Bellevilledisk springs on said resilient packing members; said guide sleeve andsaid packing follower including side load prevention means for enablinguniform concentric loading of said loading means on said packingsealingly around and against said elongated operating valve member andpreventing side loading of said loading means on said packing tending tomove said packing away from said elongated operating valve member,including an inner liner bonded within said packing follower and saidguide sleeve for slidable engagement with said operating valve memberand to absorb any of said side loading; adjustment means for adjustingthe amount of loading on said packing by slidably adjusting the positionof said guide sleeve and inner liner on said operating valve member,said adjustment means including, a packing flange surrounding said guidesleeve and inner liner and engageably contacting said loading means, anda plurality of packing guide studs and nuts mounting said packing flangeto said valve so that adjusting said packing nuts urges said packingflange against said loading means to adjust said packing loading andwherein said guide sleeve and inner liner are not exposed exteriorlybeyond said packing flange; and visual indicating means for indicatingthe adjusted position of said guide sleeve and inner liner so that itmay be noted when an optimum amount of loading is reached during saidpacking load adjustment, said visual indicating means including acentral opening in said packing flange sufficient to enable the positionof said guide sleeve and inner liner to be viewed during said packingload adjustment and to enable one to determine that said optimum amountof loading has been reached and maintained when the top of said guidesleeve and inner liner is flush with the top of said packing flange. 4.A live load packing assembly for sealing an operating valve member in afluid valve comprising:resilient packing members adapted for surroundingsaid operating valve member at one end thereof; a packing followeradapted for slidable engagement on said operating valve member adjacentsaid resilient packing members, said packing follower including afollower base at one end adjacent said resilient packing members, and afollower guide sleeve at the other end having an outer surfaceconcentric with said operating valve member; loading means including aseries of Belleville disk springs with central openings slidably mountedon said follower guide sleeve, said Belleville disk springs centralopenings adapted for slidable engagement with said follower guide sleeveouter surface for concentric mounting thereon and to maintain saidconcentric mounting during loading of said resilient packing members toensure uniform concentric spring loading and to prevent undesired sideloading, said packing follower including an inner liner mounted withinsaid packing follower for slidably contacting said operating valvemember to absorb any of said side loading; adjustment means foradjusting the amount of loading on said packing by slidably adjustingthe position of said guide sleeve and inner liner on said operatingvalve member, said adjustment means including, a packing flangesurrounding said guide sleeve and inner liner and engageably contactingsaid loading means, and a plurality of packing studs and nuts mountingsaid packing flange to said valve so that adjusting said packing nutsurges said packing flange against said loading means to adjust saidpacking loading and wherein said guide sleeve and inner liner are notexposed exteriorly beyond said packing flange; and visual indicatingmeans for indicating the adjusted position of said guide sleeve andinner liner so that it may be noted when an optimum amount of loading isreached during said packing load adjustment, said visual indicatingmeans including a central opening in said packing flange sufficient toenable the position off said guide sleeve and inner liner to be viewedduring said packing load adjustment and to enable one to determine thatsaid optimum amount of loading has been reached and maintained when thetop of said guide sleeve and inner liner is flush with the top of saidpacking flange.